OCPP and EV Charger Communications

Field reference for EV charging technicians. 9 entries, taken from the PlugWatt app.

These notes come from PlugWatt

Reference notes from PlugWatt, the offline field toolkit for electric vehicle charging installation and service technicians. It works with no cell signal, because the sites do not have any.

Get PlugWatt on the App Store

Control pilot signaling

The J1772 pilot is a 1 kHz square wave between plus 12 V and minus 12 V. Its DC level names the state; its duty cycle advertises available current. Every AC session and the front door of every DC session runs on it.

Sections

heading: Pilot states

heading: Duty cycle to current

heading: Field checks

IEC 61851 charging modes

International mode language for how a vehicle takes power. North American equipment maps cleanly onto it, and European built chargers report faults in these terms.

Sections

heading: The four modes

The CCS and NACS DC handshake

A DC session is a staged negotiation. Knowing which stage died localizes the fault faster than any other single fact.

Sections

heading: Stages in order

heading: Reading the stage from behavior

ISO 15118 and Plug and Charge

The high level language on top of the pilot. Plug and Charge signs the session with certificates so authorization is automatic; vehicle to grid rides the same protocol.

Sections

heading: Certificate chain in one breath

heading: Field diagnosis

heading: Vehicle to grid

OCPP versions and what they change

OCPP is the charger to backend protocol. Version and profile agreement between charger and backend is a commissioning item, not an afterthought.

Sections

heading: Version comparison

heading: Field notes

OCPP message quick reference

The dozen messages that explain almost every log line a field tech reads, with the 1.6 names networks still speak.

Sections

heading: Charger to backend

heading: Backend to charger

heading: Common error codes in StatusNotification

Network configuration essentials

The handful of settings that connect a charger to its operator. Record them at commissioning; they answer most NOC questions.

Sections

heading: The record that matters

heading: Connectivity hygiene

Offline and degraded network behavior

Well configured chargers keep serving drivers through network trouble. What that looks like is operator policy, and knowing the policy prevents wrong diagnoses.

Sections

heading: What good offline behavior looks like

heading: Diagnosis implications

Backend timeout or vehicle handshake? Localize it

The defining skill: an EV charger is a two sided communication node. Down to the car, up to the backend. Decide which side is sick before touching anything.

Sections

heading: The two sided model

heading: Ten second discrimination

These notes come from PlugWatt

Reference notes from PlugWatt, the offline field toolkit for electric vehicle charging installation and service technicians. It works with no cell signal, because the sites do not have any.

Get PlugWatt on the App Store

These notes are a field aid, not a substitute for the governing codes, the stamped drawings, the authority having jurisdiction, or manufacturer manuals. Verify against the current documentation for your installed equipment.